【英文标准名称】:Stationarysourceemissions-DeterminationofPM10/PM2,5massconcentrationinfluegas-Measurementatlowconcentrationsbyuseofimpactors
【原文标准名称】:固定源排放.烟气中PM10/PM2.5质量浓度的测定.低浓度下利用撞击计进行测量
【标准号】:BSENISO23210-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2009-08-31
【实施或试行日期】:2009-08-31
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:大气污染;空气质量;浓缩;定义(术语);尘埃;含尘量;粉尘排放;排放;废气;流动;气体;质量浓度;测量;测量技术;颗粒;颗粒物质的测定;固定的
【英文主题词】:Airpollution;Airquality;Concentration;Definitions;Dust;Dustcontents;Dustemissions;Emission;Exhaustgases;Flow;Gases;Massconcentration;Measurement;Measuringtechniques;Particles;Particulatemattermeasurement;Stationary
【摘要】:ThisInternationalStandardspecifiesastandardreferencemethodforthedeterminationofPM10andPM2,5massconcentrationsatstationaryemissionsourcesbyuseoftwo-stageimpactors.Themeasurementmethodisespeciallysuitableformeasurementsofmassconcentrationsbelow40mg/m3ashalf-hourlyaveragesinstandardconditions(273K,1013hPa,drygas).Itisanacceptablemethodforthemeasurementinthefluegasofdifferentinstallations,suchascementandsteelproductionplants,aswellascombustionprocesses.ThisInternationalStandardisnotapplicabletothesamplingoffluegasesthataresaturatedwithwatervapour.ThisInternationalStandardisnotapplicablewherethemajorityoftheparticlesarelikelytoexceedPM10,forexample,inthecaseofrawgasesorplantoperatingfailures.NOTE1Measurementsofparticulateconcentrationshigherthan40mg/m3,asahalf-hourlyaverageinstandardconditions(273K,1013hPa,drygas),canleadtooverloadingofthecollectingplatesandbackupfiltersandalsocouldresultinshortersamplingtimes.NOTE2Thecollectingplatesandbackupfilterscanbeusedforfurtherchemicalanalysis.ThisInternationalStandardcannotbeusedforthedeterminationofthetotalmassconcentrationofdust.NOTE3Fordataassessmentpurposes,itcanbeusefultoperformmeasurementsoftotalparticulatematterinparalleltothePM10andPM2,5measurements.ThisInternationalStandarddescribesthedesign,useandtheoryofround-nozzleimpactors.Itdoesnotexcludeothertypesofimpactors,providedthesesystemsmeettheperformancecriteriaspecifiedinthisInternationalStandardinavalidationoftheimpactorperformedbyanindependenttestinglaboratory.
【中国标准分类号】:Z60
【国际标准分类号】:13_040_40
【页数】:52P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminationoftheBreakawayFrictionCharacteristicsofRollingElementBearings
【原文标准名称】:测定滚动体轴承破裂摩擦特性的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMG182-2006
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2006
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:G02.50
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:轴承;测定;元件;摩擦;滚动轴承;滚动体;试验
【英文主题词】:coefficientofrollingfriction;frictiontesting;rolling;rollingfriction
【摘要】:Thistestisasimple,effectivewayofdeterminingtheabilityofbearingstorollfreely.Mostbearingmanufacturersdonotsupplyinformationonthebreakawayfrictioncoefficientoftheirproductsandifthisisadesignfactor,usersoftenbuycandidatebearingsandtrythemuntiltheyfindonethatappearstooperatefreerthantheothers.Thistestallowsquantificationofthebreakawayfrictioncharacteristicsofbearings.Thistestassessesthefrictionofabearingasatribosystemwhichincludesitsconstructionandlubrication.Ithasshowntocorrelatewithuse.Ifabearinghasalowbreakawayangleinthistest,itsbreakawayfrictionwillbelowerinservicethanthesamesizebearingsthatdisplayedahigherbreakawayangleinthistest.Breakawayfrictionofbearingsisimportantininstrumentswhereforcesarelightandthebearingsareusedaspivotsratherthanforcontinuedrotation.Lowfrictionisoftenimperativeforproperdeviceoperation.Bearingswithlowbreakawayfrictionareoftensoughtforwebhandlingrollers.Manyrollersaredrivenonlybytangentialwebcontactandslippagecanoftendamagetheweb.Lowfrictionbearingsarerequired.Thistestisusefulforscreeningbearingsforanyapplicationswherebreakawayfrictionisadesignconcern.1.1ThistestmethodisanextensionofTestMethodG164andusesaninclinedplaneandapaperclipridertodetectthepresenceorabsenceoflubricantsonthesurfacesofflexiblewebs.Astudytoidentifyfreespinningorlowrollingfrictionbearingsindicatedthatthepaperclipfrictiontestcouldbeusedforrollingfrictionbysimplyreplacingthepaperclipwitharollingelementbearingonanaxle.Theangleoftheinclinedplaneatinitiationofrollingisthebreakawayangle.Thistestmethodcanbeusedtomeasuretheangleatbreakawayofsmalldiameter(upto100mmoutsidediameter)rollingelementbearings.Thebearingsthathavebeentestedinthedevelopmentofthismethodareconventionalballbearingswithdifferentseparators,seals,anddifferentconditionsoflubrication(none,oil,greases,andsoforth),butthereisnotechnicalreasonwhythistestmethodwouldnotworkwithbearingsofotherdesign,includingplainbearings.Rollingelementbearingslikeanyslidingsystemcanhavefrictioncharacteristicsatbreakawaythataredifferentthanrollingcontinuously.Asisthecasewithmostinclinedplanefrictiontests,thetestonlyproducesthefrictioncharacteristicattheonsetofmeasurablerolling,usingtheangle()whenmeasurablerollingcommences.Theobjectiveofthistestisanassessmentofbreakawayrollingfrictioncharacteristicstoassistmachinedesignersintheselectionofrollingelementbearingsforinstrumentpivotsandthelikewherebreakawayfrictionisaconcern.1.2ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.3Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:J11
【国际标准分类号】:21_100_20
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】: